is a term coined by Joy Paul Guilford as the opposite of divergent thinking. It generally means the ability to give the correct answer to standard questions that do not require significant creativity, for instance in most tasks in school and on standardized multiple-choice tests for intelligence.
*Divergent thinking :-
is a thought process or method used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions.
Mind Mapping
Mind mapping, introduced by Tony Buzan is a great tool for idea generation and brainstorming. It enhance both sides of the human brain and widely used in taking notes, research or generating new ideas. A creative Mind Map is able to stimulate and create interest to the individual and also to the viewer.
Method Creative Thinking; Logical and Associated mind map Technique
*Logical Mind Map
The Logical Mind Map is directly connected to stereotypes. The Logical mind map comprises of solely stereotype words. Which means that every word or image that is put within the mind map is directly related to the central subject through its links.
*Associated Mind Map
Using an associated mind map we are able to generate random words and also show the links between words that seemingly have no connection.
*Logical Mind Maps & Stereotypes
Before beginning a Logical mind map we have to understand what a Stereotype is; below is the definition of the word.
DEFINITIONS OF STEREOTYPE
ster·e·o·type
-A conventional, formulaic, and oversimplified conception, opinion, or image.
One that is regarded as embodying or conforming to a set image or type.
-A stereotype is a commonly held public belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. The concepts of "stereotype" and "prejudice" are often confused with many other different meanings. Stereotypes are standardized and simplified conceptions of groups based on some prior assumptions. Generally speaking, stereotypes are not based on objective truth but rather subjective and sometimes unverifiable content-matter.
The Rules Of Logical Mindmapping
-Always have your SUBJECT in the center of the page.
-Try to make the subject more dominant than the rest of the words and images in the mind map.
-Decide on the main categories of the subject before executing on mind map.
-Try to have the different categories in different colors, to make it easier to identify.
-Try to use drawings or images to make your mind map more interesting and personal.
-The ideal mind map should be shaped like the roots of a tree, branching out from a center.
-It is OK to repeat words or even interlink certain words.
-Try to make your mind map neat and easily legible. REMEMBER one of the aims of the mind map is to create interest and to be able to access information easily.
Benefit of Logical Mind-Mapping Technique
• It is a concise way of listing and categorizing a mass of information.
• The relationship between each word will help trigger memories and greatly reduce the amount of note taking and assist in the understanding of the subject.
• The more interesting the mind map the greater the interest that the on looker will have in the information.
• The usage of images along side with word will again create interest for the mind map as well as assist in triggering a memory of the subject.
Mortar and Pestle
A mortar and pestle is a tool used to crush, grind, and mix substances. The pestle is a heavy bat shaped stick whose end is used for pounding and grinding, and the mortar is a bowl, typically made of hard wood, marble, clay, or stone. The substance is ground between the pestle and the mortar.
The English "mortar" derives from classical Latin "mortarium", meaning, among several other usages, "receptacle for pounding" and "product of grinding or pounding". The classical Latin "pestillum" led to the English "pestle", meaning "pounder". The antiquity of these tools is well documented in some early literature, such as the Egyptian Ebers Papyrus of c. 1550 B.C.E.
Mortars and pestles were traditionally used in pharmacies to crush various ingredients prior to preparing an extemporaneous prescription. The mortar and pestle, along with the Caduceus, the Green Cross, and others, is one of the most pervasive symbols of pharmacology due to its classical use in medicine. For pharmaceutical use, the mortar and the head of the pestle are usually made of porcelain, while the handle of the pestle is made of wood. This is known as a Wedgwood mortar and pestle and originated in 1779.
Food preparation
Mortars are also used in cooking to prepare ingredients such as guacamole and pesto (which derives its name from the pestle pounding), as well as grinding spices into powder. Native American tribes used mortars carved into the bedrock to grind acorns and other nuts. Many such depressions can be found in their former territories. In Japan, very large mortars are used with wooden mallets to prepare mochi. A regular sized Japanese mortar and pestle are called a suribachi and surikogi, respectively. Granite mortars and pestles are used in Southeast Asia, as well as Pakistan and India. In India, its used extensively to make spice mixtures for various delicacies as well as day to day dishes. Due to the ease of motorized grinders, these manual mortar's are used less often. Its traditional in various Hindu ceremonies (like wedding,upanayanam, etc) to crush Turmeric in these mortars. This is widely practiced in all sections of society in todays (2009) India. In Malay, it is known as lesung. Traditional Mexican mortar and pestles, made of basalt, are known as molcajetes. Large stone mortars, with long (2-3 feet) wood pestles were also used in the Middle East to grind meat for a type of meatloaf, or kibbeh, as well as the hummus variety known as masabcha.
Material
Good pestle and mortar-making materials must be hard enough to crush the substance rather than be worn away by it. They cannot be too brittle either, or they will break during the pounding and grinding. The material should also be cohesive, so that small bits of the mortar or pestle do not get mixed in with the ingredients. Smooth and non-porous materials are chosen that will not absorb or trap the substances being ground. In food preparation, a rough or absorbent material may cause the strong flavor of a past ingredient to be tasted in food prepared later. Also, the food particles left in the mortar and on the pestle may support the growth of microorganisms. When dealing with medications, the previous prepared drugs may interact or mix, contaminating the currently used ingredients.
Rough ceramic mortar and pestle sets can be used to reduce substances to very fine powders, but stain easily and are brittle. Porcelain mortars are sometimes conditioned for use by grinding some sand to give them a rougher surface which helps to reduce the particle size. Glass mortars and pestles are fragile, but stain-resistant and suitable for use with liquids. However, like the porcelain type, they do not grind as finely as the ceramic type. Other materials used include marble, stone, wood (highly absorbent), bamboo, iron, steel, brass, and basalt. Mortar & Pestle sets made from the wood of old grape vines have proved reliable for grinding salt & pepper at the dinner table. Uncooked rice is sometimes ground in mortars to clean them. This process must be repeated until the rice comes out completely white. Some stones, such as molcajete, need to be seasoned first before use. Metal mortars are kept lightly oiled.
In class today,we need to do mind map about mortar and pestle.This are my finishing mind map for mortar and pestle.It take awhile to do it but it was fun because I enjoy doing it and finding words through mortar and pestle.It funny that the last word don't even related to mortar and pestle.This was my experiences while making this mind map :-
and this is mind map about myself :-
While in class,we also asked by the lecturer to do drawing anything that related to mortar and pestle in our mind map.We need to choose three words from the mind map and then draw mortar and pestle to show how it related to those three words.Lastly this what I got and plan from mortar and pestle from those three words :-
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